强调句型讲解

句型讲解

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时间:2020-07-30

“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中,要强调句子的某一成分,一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义,只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时,除可用that外,还可换用who(强调宾语指人时也可用whom)。使用强调句型时,应注意以下事项:

   一、去掉强调结构It is (was) … that(who)…后,剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较:

1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.

2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.

1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters. (05天津)

    A .that   B. what   C. which   D. this

    答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型,去掉强调结构,剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。

2. That was really a splendid evening.  It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.

    A. when   B. that   C. before   D. since   (05安徽)

   答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知,该句不是强调句型。It指时间,句意为:好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。

   二、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,不可用when, where, why或how,而仍用that。试比较:It was because of the accident why he was late. (误), It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。又如:

1. It was not until midnight   ____  they reached the camp site. (08重庆)

   A. that    B. when   C. while   D. as

   答案A。2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.    (06辽宁)

    A. that   B. when   C. since   D. as

   答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he got what he haddesired,题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。

3. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (08全国II)

   A. that   B. how   C. which   D. when

   答案A。强调地点状语in New Zealand.

   三、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式,在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:

1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited.   (06山东)

   A. why it does   B. what he does   C. how it is   D. what it is

   答案D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出,但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序:it is what that makes him so excited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式,强调了疑问代词what,因为wonder后宾语从句,故用了陈述语序。

2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

   A. when   B. that   C. where   D. before    (06全国卷二)

   答案B。如果去掉强调结构,该句是一个“not… until”句型:Jennifer didn’t realize she had lost her keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语until she got home,这时要把主句中的否定词not放在was之后。

   四、强调主语时,that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语;be的变化只有is和was两种形式,如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时,就用It is…, 表达过去时的各种形式时,用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如:

1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.

2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in theclass.

3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.

4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.

   五、在复习中有可能把It is/ was…that句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况:

1、把具有实际意义的指示代词it后面接is/was…that误认为是强调句式。

--- Where did you get to know her?    (07山东)

--- It was on the farm ____ we worked.

   A.that  B.there  C.which   D .  where

   答案D。该句易误作强调句型,所以A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句,修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选D,因为平日教学老师一再强调,用强调句型时即使强调地点状语,也不能用where而用that。该句如果要用it was… that强调句型的话,可改写为“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.”

2、把it指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接be的情形误以为是强调句型。

   It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____the accident happened.

   A. that   B. when   C. then   D. where

   答案D。本题貌似It was…that强调句型,其实不然。句中It表示距离,where 引导地点状语从句。

3、把It is/ was…that结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。

   The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (04北京)

   A. This is   B. There is   C. That is   D. It is

   答案D。如果选A和C,指示代词This和That在句中找不出指代的内容,选B意义不通。故选D。虽然选It is后题干中出现了It is… that结构,但这不是强调句型。很明显,题干中的that从句应是主语从句,所缺的是形式主语。

   ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy 

   A. As      B. That    C. This     D. It  (06浙江)

   答案D。如果去掉It is … that, 中间的our belief就无法处理,因此该句不是强调句型,而是一个复合句,It是形式主语,that引导真正主语。

   强调句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形does或did,这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前,以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如:

   I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。

   He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。

   You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。